This is a nursing care plan for hyperglycemia.

nursing care plan of hyperglycemia

1. Subjective: Patient can’t control his blood sugar levels, he has a history of diabetes.

Subjective: Patient can’t control his blood sugar levels, he has a history of diabetes.

Patient is a diabetic patient and has a history of hypertension, heart disease, stroke and kidney disease.

2. Objective: The patient is afebrile, pulse rate is 84 bpm, irregularly irregular, respiration is 17 cpm and regular, blood pressure is 90/70 mmHg

You will assess the patient for changes in vital signs, including temperature and pulse. You will also check the blood pressure, respirations and oxygen saturation.

You will document your findings on the nurse’s note sheet.

3. Assessment: 1. Increased blood glucose level > 200 mg/dl

Assessment:

• Increased blood glucose level > 200 mg/dl
• Increased thirst, hunger, lethargy, polyuria and weight loss
• Increased blood pressure (BP)
• Increased heart rate (HR)
• Decreased breathing rate ( 1 liter per day (10–20 ml/kg body weight per hour).

2. Increased thirst

The patient is dehydrated and needs to be kept well hydrated.

Patients with hyperglycemia may develop polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyuria (increased urine output). They can also have a loss of appetite known as polyphagia.

3. Lethargy

Lethargy is a state of exhaustion and lack of energy, which can be caused by many factors. The patient may feel tiredness or drowsiness, they may not have the energy to do what they want or need to do, and their mind may feel foggy or slow. Lethargy can be accompanied by other symptoms such as sleepiness, weakness, fatigue and listlessness. They might have a headache or stomach aches when feeling lethargic.

4. Hunger

• Hunger

Hyperglycemia is primarily caused by excessive insulin in the body, which can lead to increased hunger and symptoms of hypoglycemia. As the body becomes more resistant to insulin, your pancreas will produce more insulin. This makes you feel hungry even after consuming food or other snacks. You may also experience increased appetite, cravings for sweet foods and thirst during hyperglycemia. In addition to these symptoms, you might notice increased urination (passing urine) and fatigue as well as weight loss or gain.

5. Polyuria

• Polyuria is excessive urination. It is defined as a urinary output of more than 2 liters per day (1 liter = 4.2 cups). Polyuria can be caused by diabetes, kidney disease, and other conditions.
• Polyuria may lead to dehydration because the body loses more fluids than it takes in. This can cause weakness and fatigue.

Diagnosis 1. Impaired Tissue Perfusion related to increased blood glucose level

You have been diagnosed with hyperglycemia, a condition in which there is an excess of glucose in the blood. This can be a symptom of diabetes mellitus.

Hyperglycemia occurs when there is an excess of glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream, which can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Approximately 89 million people worldwide—or 5%–10% of the population—have diabetes mellitus (DM), including type 1 DM that develops when your body stops producing insulin, and type 2 DM that develops because cells stop responding to insulin normally or become resistant to it.

Plan 1. Monitor blood glucose level per shift

• Monitor the blood glucose level per shift.
• Blood glucose level should be monitored every 1 to 2 hours.
• Blood glucose level should be monitored every 4 hours.
• Blood glucose level should be monitored every 6 hours.
• Blood glucose level should be monitored every 8 hours.
• Blood glucose level should be monitored every 12 hours and at bedtime if the patient is receiving insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent during the day and insulin alone at night, or both a short-acting insulin injection in the morning and an oral hypoglycemic agent at bedtime, or both long-acting insulins given twice daily in addition to a short acting dose of regular insulin given preprandially (before meals) or multiples thereof for those who require more than two injections per day).

2. Establish rapport in order to gain trust and cooperation from the patient and significant other

Establishing rapport with the patient will help you gain trust and cooperation from them, as well as their significant other.

Significant others are important for a number of reasons. They can provide useful information about the patient’s history, current condition, and goals for treatment. They can also offer emotional support to the patient during times of stress or pain.

3. Educate the patient and significant other about the disease process, risk factors, and complications of hyperglycemia, as well as lifestyle modification for proper management of diabetes mellitus such as diet management, drug regimen compliance and exercise therapy

You will educate the patient and significant other about the disease process, risk factors, and complications of hyperglycemia, as well as lifestyle modification for proper management of diabetes mellitus such as diet management, drug regimen compliance and exercise therapy. (1-2 sentences)

In this section you will provide education on all aspects of diabetes care including but not limited to:

· The health risks associated with hyperglycemia

· How to manage hyperglycemia at home (e.g., diet/exercise)

Closing

The nursing plan for this patient should be to monitor his blood glucose levels per shift, establish rapport in order to gain trust and cooperation from the patient and significant other, educate the patient and significant other about the disease process, risk factors, and complications of hyperglycemia as well as lifestyle modification for proper management of diabetes mellitus such as diet management, drug regimen compliance and exercise therapy